Bacteriology / Mycology

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Test/Agent	Site	Price**	Procedure		Tissue/ Specimen	Container	Shipping*	Setup	Turn-Around	Remarks
Acid fast stain	All	$9.00	Acid fast stain		Tissue	Sterile container	Overnight on gel packs	M-F	1 day	Specimens to be cultured for mycobacteria other than M. paratuberculosis may be referred to NVSL.
					Swab	Culturette
					Heat-fixed slide	Slide mailer	None
Aerobic culture (includes Listeria)	All	$20.00	Aerobic culture		Swab	Culturette or Amies transport media (latter preferred for Actinobacillus and Haemophilus)	Overnight on gel packs	M-F	2-5 days	Take specimens from the margin of lesions. If tissue and fluid specimens are not protected by transport medium, ship overnight. Uterine swabs should be taken with a shielded swab system, such as Kalajian, Acu-cul-shure, or Tiegland swab. Listeria isolation may require up to 1-3 months.
					Tissue, fluid	Sterile container
Anaerobic culture (e.g. fusobacterium spp)	All	$40.00	Anaerobic culture		Tissue 3.0 cm³	Sterile container, anaerobic transport medium	Samples should not be refrigerated	M-F	4-10 days	Anaerobic bacteria should be suspected if the infection involves tissue that is normally sterile, a site of recent trauma, or a poorly vascularized area.
					Fluid aspirate	Vacutainer (>= 3 ml), anaerobic transport medium
					Swab	Anaerobic transport medium, Acu-cul-shure swab system				Contact laboratory to obtain transport media.
Antibiotic residue	PSU	$20.00	PremiTest		Urine, preferably 100 ml	Sterile container	Hand deliver fresh urine within 3 hours of collection, frozen samples should remain frozen	M-F	Same day	Detection of antibiotic residue excreted in urine prior to shipping for slaughter Urine should be submitted within 3 hours of collection or frozen immediately and submitted frozen
Antibiotic susceptibility	All	Disk diffusion/ break point $13.00	Minimum inhibitory concentraton (MIC) or Disk diffusion		Bacterial isolate derived from PADLS culture work	N/A	N/A	M-F	3-5 days	-Susceptibility reports will be released to veterinarians only.
										-Susceptibility test reports contain in vitro test results only and do not constitute recommendations for treatment.
					Characterized bacterial culture					-Charges may reflect reisolation and identification by PADLS.


						Medium slant with growth
Black Leg Screen (Clostridium chauvoei, Cl. novyi, Cl. septicum, Cl. sordellii)	PSU PVL	$15.00	Fluorescent antibody assay		Deep muscle tissue	Sterile container	Overnight on gel packs	M-F	1-3 days	Specimens for Clostridium FA testing must arrive at the laboratory within 24 hours of collection. Cl. septicum is a frequent post-mortem invader.

Blood Culture	PSU NBC	$42.00	Blood bottle culture (aerobic and anaerobic)		7-10 ml whole blood	SPS Vacutainer or blood collection bottle	Overnight on gel packs	M-F	3-7 days	Indicate if patient is on antimicrobial therapy, define drug and dose.

										Collect specimen following complete surgical preparation. Preferred specimen collected prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy.
Borrelia burgdorferi	NBC		PCR		1 ml synovial fluid or urine	Purple top EDTA tube	Overnight on gel pack for fluid & urine, ship M-Th	M-F	7 days	Refrigerate samples immediately upon collection.
					Synovial membrane, kidney	Sterile tube	Preserve all tissues in 95% ethanol or s paraffin embedded formalin-fixed sections		7 days	Tissues sent in ethanol should be about 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm in size. Paraffin-embedded formalin fixed sections should be 10 micron in thickness and curly. Change blades between tissue blocks. For best results, do not leave tissues in formalin longer than 24 hours prior to paraffin embedding.
Brucella	PVL NBC	$17.50	Brucella culture		Bovine female: milk (all 4 quarters 20 ml ea.)	Sterile capped vial	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	7-14 days	Include foremilk in samples for Brucella culture, but not routine cultures. Aseptic collection technique is extremely important. If milk samples cannot arrive at the laboratory within 24 hours of collection, they can be frozen, provided that the freezer is not a "frost free" unit.
					Supra mammary lymph nodes	Sterile container
					Bovine male: Semen (2ml)	Sterile capped vial
					Superficial inguinal lymph nodes	Sterile container
					Other species: tissue	Sterile container
					Swab	Ames transport media
Campylobacter culture (Enteric) Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni culture	All	$21.50	Micro aerophilic culture		Feces, rectal swab: Amies or Cary Blair transport media	Sterile wide-mouth container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	3-5 days
Clostridium perfringens screen	All	$16.50	Anaerobe culture PEA and EYA plating		Feces or intestinal loop	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	2-3 days
Clostridium perfringens toxin typing	PSU PVL	$35.00	PCR		Feces or intestinal loop	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	Th	2-8 days


					Isolated organism	Anaerobic BA in AnaPak
Toxin Detection	NBC	$40.00	ELISA		Feces	Fecal cup	Keep feces frozen	W/Sa	1 day
Darkfield microscopic exam	PVL NBC	$7.50	Darkfield microscopic exam		Fluid specimen	Sterile container		M-F	1 day	Protect samples for trichomonas examination from temperature extremes. Refrigerate all other samples. Direct examination is a rapid but insensitive procedure. Culture procedures are recommended to confirm the presence or absence of a particular organism.
Dermatophilus exam	All	$9.00	Geimsa Stain		Tissue	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	1-7 days
					Swab	Culturette
E. coli typing (0+H)	PSU	$30.00	Serotyping		Ligated loop of intestine or colon, feces or isolate	Sterile container Overnight on gel packs M-F	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	3-14 days	Submission of tissue/feces will include culture fees
E. coli virulence testing	PSU	$40.00	Adhesin and toxin PCR		Fresh feces or Bacterial isolate	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	3-14 days	Submission of tissue/feces will include culture fees
						Overnight on gel packs M-F
Erhlichia risticii*	NBC		PCR		2 ml whole blood	Purple top EDTA tube	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	7 days	Refrigerate samples immediately upon collection.
					Cecum, right dorsal colon, colon	Sterile tube	Preserve all tissues in 95% ethanol or as paraffin embedded formalin-fixed sections			Tissues sent in ethanol should be about 1 cm X 1 cm X 1 cm in size. Paraffin-embedded formalin fixed sections should be 10 micron in thickness and curly. Change blades between tissue blocks. For best results, do not leave tissues in formalin longer than 24 hours prior to paraffin embedding.
Gram morphology	All	$7.00	Gram stain		Heat-fixed slide	Slide mailer	None
Johne's disease (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)	PVL	$17.00	Mycobacterial culture (Liquid ESP or Agar culture)		Feces (10 g)	Wide-mouth screw-top container, child-resistant prescription vial	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-W	42-112 days	Animal identification should be clearly written on submission form. For correct billing it is important to provide information about program participation. Withhold silage or moldy feed 48 hrs prior to fecal collection. Obtain samples directly from the rectum if possible. Ship samples to arrive at the laboratory within 36 hours of collection. Contact the laboratory for specimen containers: samples received in open containers of gloves will be refused.
										*Contact PVL for availability of PCR



















					Ileocecal valve, mesenteric lymph node	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs
			PCR*		Feces, tissues, paraffin embedded blocks
Leptospira	All	$15.00	FA		Fetal fluids, urine, kidney, placenta, spleen, liver	Sterile container	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-W	1-3 days	Fetal fluids and tissues should be refrigerated but should not be frozen
			Microscopic exam			Lepto transport medium				Urine collection-see below
			PCR			Kidney impression slides
Leptospirosis urine collection			For best recovery potential, inject with furosemide IV or IM. Clean vulva/prepuce and wait 10 min or second urination. Collect 10ml urine midstream in a red top or other sterile container.
Mastitis culture	All	Quarter/ comp. $4.00	Aerobic milk culture		Quarter sample	Sterile capped vial	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	2-5 days	Please see below for sample collection; call laboratory for additional information. Bulk tank kits available from PSU
						Freeze immediately (minimum of 10 ml for bulk tank)
		$8.00	Mycoplasma only
		>8 all 4 qtrs $12.00 ea

		$28.00 (incl. Mycoplasma $35.00)		Quantitative bulk tank sample				M-W
Mastitis culture sample collection			Wash the udder and teats and allow to air dry. Clean the teat orifice with alcohol pledgets. Sample in reverse order to reduce contamination. For routine culture, the first stream of milk should be discarded. Hold the collection vial as nearly horizontal as possible, and collect 2-3 ml of milk. When collecting composite samples, include an equal volume of milk from each quarter. Freeze samples immediately after collection.
Mycology	All	$26.00			Tissue, fluid	Sterile container	Overnight on ice packs	M-F	1-42 days	If dermatophytes are suspected, specimens should not be transported in a sealed container and should not be refrigerated.
			Fungal culture and/or microscopic exam		Skin scrapings	Paper envelope
Mycoplasma	PSU, PVL	$18.50	Mycoplasma culture	Tissues (1.5 in³), aspirates, swabs			Overnight on ice packs	M-F	7-28 days	Avoid the use of wood-shaft swabs; they interfere with the detection of Mycoplasma in culture.
		$20.00 each	Speciation with PCR (MG, MS, M. bovis, etc)			Sterile container
						Amies transport medium w/o charcoal
Quantitative bacterial culture	All	$25.00	Dilution Plating Count	Water		1 L sterile container	Ship frozen on ice/gel packs Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	2-5 days
				Bedding or litter		1 qt Ziplock bag
				Raw semen		Sterile container				Raw semen samples must arrive at the laboratory within 24 hours of collection in order for examination to be considered valid.
				Processed semen		Semen straw
				Urine		Sterile container				Urine samples collected by cytocentesis or from catheterized animals are preferred, however, mid-stream collections are suitable. Samples must arrive at the laboratory on the same day as collection in order for the examination to be considered valid.
Salmonella	All	$21.50	Salmonella culture	Feces (10 g)		Wide-mouth screw-top container, child resistant prescription vial	Overnight on ice/gel packs for all except feed	M-F	Presumptive id: 3-4 days	Samples should be obtained from the rectum of animals whenever possible.

				Tissue (Ligated ileum, mesenteric lymph node, etc)		Sterile container		M-F	3-4 days	Specimens received in open containers or gloves will be refused.
				Exudate Swab		Culturette, Amies or Cary-Blair transport medium		M-F	3-4 days
				Environmental swab		Condensed evaporated skim milk		M-Th	3-4 days
				Swiffers		Sterile Whirlpak bag		M-F	3-10-days
				Eggs		Sterile Whirlpak bag		M-F	7-15 days
				200 gm feed		Sealed bag		M-F	7-15-days
Salmonella sp. Serotyping, molecular delineation	NBC	$20.00	Molecular assays as described	Bacterial isolate		Contact laboratory	Overnight on ice/gel packs	M-F	1-10 days	Other tests available on bacterial isolate: Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoreses, Phage Typing Contact laboratory.

Ceca				Contact laboratory prior to collection.
Tritrichomonas	PVL NBC	$12.50	Tritrichomonas culture	Cow: vaginal wash/cervical mucus		Sterile capped vial	Overnight on ice/gel packs (see shipping note below)	M-F	5-10 days	Contact lab prior to collection for instructions and transport media
						Diamond's media or Lactated Ringers Solution (LRS)
			Microscopic exam	Bull: preputial wash			LRS-hand carry within 4 hours			Samples collected in Clark's/Weybridge media for venereal campylobacterosis cannot be tested for Trichomoniasis
						In-pouch media for culture
				Semen		Sterile, capped vial
				Fetal fluids
Tritrichomonas Container and Shipping Information	Ship overnight on ice/gel packs if using Diamonds media. If using Lactated ringer's, hand carry at room temperature to reach laboratory in 4 hours
Ureaplasma spp.	PVL	$16.50	Ureaplasma culture	Fetal fluids (stomach, per-icardial, & thoracic fluids		Sterile capped vial	Overnight on gel/ice packs	M-F	4-21 days	Wood shaft or cotton-tipped swabs should not be used; these may obscure the detection of Ureaplasma in culture. Shielded swabs should be used when collecting specimens from the female reproductive tract. Ureaplasmas may be a component of normal flora in the posterior vagina, particularly around the urethra.
				Swab		Amies transport medium w/o charcoal
				Raw semen		Sterile capped vial
				(2 ml)
Venereal Campylobacter spp.	PSU, PVL	$21.50	Venereal Campylobacter culture	Bovine female: vaginal wash, cervical mucus		Clark's transport medium, Vacutainer, Weybridge transport media	Should preferably arrive same day or	M-F	7-17 days	Direct aspiration of cervical/vaginal mucus or preputial material is the best method of specimen collection from adult bovines. Collect into a Vacutainer containing USP Lactated Ringer's solution. This material must arrive at the laboratory within 4 hours of collection. Clark's transport medium (available from Colorado State University) can be inoculated with this material; however, specimens inoculated into transport medium are not suitable for direct examination. Submitters requiring volume testing, e.g. for export, must make arrangements 5 days in advance. Contact the laboratory for specific instructions.
				Bovine male: preputial wash		Same as above	Overnight on gel packs
				Semen		Semen straw, cryovial	Frozen
				Abortions: tissues		Sterile container	Overnight on gel packs
				Fluids		Clark's transport medium, sterile capped vial
Yersinia enterocolitica or Y. pseudotuberculosis	PVL NBC	$18.50	Yersinia culture	Intestinal, loop, feces		Sterile container	Overnight on ice packs	M-F	1-3 weeks	Cold enrichment and selective plating

Bacteriology / Mycology

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